Violence Surges in Eastern Congo as Deadly Clashes Intensify After Civilian Massacre

FILE – Motorcyclists look at military uniforms from the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo lying on the ground, amid clashes between them and the M23 rebels, in Goma, eastern DRC, Jan. 30, 2025. (VOA News)

Escalating Violence in Eastern Congo: Civilian Massacres, Rebel Advances, and Humanitarian Crisis

March 10, 2025

Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is experiencing a severe escalation in violence, marked by brutal attacks on civilians, significant rebel advances, and a deepening humanitarian crisis.

Civilian Massacres and Displacement

On March 8, 2025, Islamic State-linked Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels attacked the village of Ngohi Vuyinga in North Kivu province, killing at least nine villagers, displacing dozens, and burning several houses. The rebels used firearms and machetes against villagers working on their farms. This incident underscores the critical security situation in the region, where over 100 armed groups vie for control over mineral-rich territories, resulting in approximately 7 million displaced individuals.

Rebel Advances and Mass Prison Escapes

The Rwanda-backed M23 rebel group has intensified its offensive, capturing major cities like Goma and Bukavu since January. This rapid advance has led to mass prison escapes, with thousands of inmates, including those convicted of serious crimes such as murder and rape, now at large. The breakdown of law enforcement has left communities vulnerable, with reports of looting and attacks by escaped prisoners. The M23’s control over certain territories has also led to increased mob vigilantism, as residents take justice into their own hands.

Military Challenges and Desertions

The Congolese army is facing significant challenges, with over 300 soldiers court-martialed for crimes committed during retreats from M23 advances. Testimonies reveal systemic issues such as poor pay, corruption, and inadequate equipment, undermining reform efforts. These trials have resulted in death sentences for over 260 soldiers, highlighting the chaos within the military. Despite increased military spending, frontline soldiers remain underpaid and under equipped, exacerbating instability and civilian harm.

A member of the M23 rebel group checks people before attending a rally addressed by Corneille Nangaa, DRC rebel leader and coordinator of the AFC-M23 movement, in Bukavu. (Photo: File/REUTERS/Victoire Mukenge)

Humanitarian Crisis and International Concerns

The conflict has resulted in the deaths of at least 7,000 people since January and displaced 600,000 people since November, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). The international community is increasingly concerned about regional stability and humanitarian safety, calling for immediate action to address the escalating crisis.

The situation in eastern Congo remains dire, with escalating violence, humanitarian crises, and regional instability. Immediate and concerted efforts are needed to address the complex challenges facing the region.